ABSTRACT
Increased awareness of the carbon footprint associated with pharmaceutical products and the replacement of high global warming potential (GWP) constituents used in the final product, or within the manufacturing process, may drive further diversification of formulation approaches in the future. [...]the nose offers an opportunity to deliver drugs directly to the brain or central nervous system (CNS) via the olfactory pathway. Two relatively recent commercializations for intranasal delivery are naloxone nasal spray to treat suspected opioid overdose emergencies and diazepam nasal spray for short term rescue treatment of seizure clusters. [...]in cystic fibrosis, the overproduction of mucus and alteration of mucus properties, represents a challenge for effective drug delivery by inhalation alone.
ABSTRACT
Pursuant to a directive of Congress, the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) issued a report in May of 2021 examining consumer protection and antitrust issues relating to repair restrictions with a focus on the prevailing practices of mobile phone and auto manufacturers.12 In its report, the FTC identified eight primary methods by which OEMs restrict independent repair and repair by consumers: * Product designs that complicate or prevent repair;* Unavailability of parts and repair information;* Designs that make independent repairs less safe;* Policies or statements that steer consumers to manufacturer repair networks;* Application of patent rights and enforcement of trademarks;* Disparagement of non-OEM parts and independent repair;* Software locks and firmware updates;and * End User License Agreements.13 Software locks, often called digital rights management (DRM) tools or technological protection measures (TPMs), are access controls through which OEMs have throttled independent repairs on a wide range of software-enabled products.14 End-user license agreements (EULAs) are "contracts that users must agree to before using a product or service," which are also known as "click-wrap," "shrink-wrap," or "terms of service" agreements, constituting another major way OEMs restrict repairs.15 In the style of adhesion contracts-inundating consumers with virtually every digital service and software-enabled product they utilize-EULAs often impose post-sale usage, repair, and modification restrictions, granting corporations "unprecedented access to monitor, manage, and restrict how consumers use their products, even going so far as to revoke ownership. B.The Right-to-Repair Movement Today Leading the charge for the right-to-repair movement today is the Repair Association, comprised of notable consumer-rights groups and industry organizations such as the U.S. Public Interest Research Group (PIRG),19 the Electronic Frontier Foundation,20 and iFixit,21 along with a variety of other members whose interests align with advancing the right to repair.22 The right-to-repair movement consists of two main, interdependent branches.23 The first is focused on amending the Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA),24 an important facet of the federal intellectual property law regime.25 The second branch of the movement is focused on pushing bills through legislatures, mainly at the state level. The Act Protecting Motor Vehicle Owners and Small Businesses in Repairing Motor Vehicles.28 Although limited to automobile repairs, this landmark state law mapped the core provisions of template legislation advanced by the Repair Association for enshrining the right to repair broadly across industries.29 Pursuant to these provisions, the Massachusetts law gave car owners and independent repair shops access to the same manuals, diagnostic software, and diagnostic repair tools provided to licensed dealerships by their respective automobile manufacturers.30 Specifically, the law required motor vehicle manufacturers to "make available for purchase by owners . . . and by independent repair facilities the same diagnostic and repair information" and "all diagnostic repair tools" provided to dealers by OEMs on "fair and reasonable terms. In 2014, the Alliance of Automobile Manufacturers, the Association of Global Automakers, and two automobile aftermarket industry groups came together to sign a "Memorandum of Understanding" by which the automobile industry nationwide effectively agreed to voluntarily abide by substantively the same provisions of the Massachusetts right-to-repair law.32 Unsurprisingly, the law generated considerable momentum for the right-to-repair movement over the following years, which saw a greatly amplified nationwide effort by advocates pushing for legislation "that would recognize the right to repair consumer electronics-not only smartphones, laptops, and televisions, but also household appliances, wearable technology, farm equipment, and medical devices, to offer just a few examples.
ABSTRACT
Green banking is an umbrella term that refers to policies and principles that help banks to be more sustainable in terms of their economic, environmental, and social impacts. Its goal is to make banking procedures, as well as the usage of IT and physical infrastructure, as efficient and effective as possible while having zero or little environmental impact. Due to the Covid-19 pandemic, businesses across the globe were badly hit. This paper is an attempt to show the awareness of green banking initiatives, regularity of usage of green services and the perceived benefits of using such services during the pandemic among customers of selected public and private sector banks in Karnataka, India. It was found that the nationwide lockdown had an impact on respondents accomplishing banking services. The results disclosed the level of awareness about green banking concept. Debit card, mobile banking and Internet banking were the most widely used green products. The findings showed three main benefits of green banking, namely, increase in UPI transactions using mobile banking, secure transactions and environmental benefits. The outcomes of this study can help the banking institutions to market their green banking services and work on their implementation.
ABSTRACT
Indonesian traffic laws have been around for a long time. Regulations on how people can carry out their traffic on Indonesian roads. It's a shame that people are still violating these regulations. There are still many community members who do not commit violations such as exceeding the speed limit, exceeding the capacity, and even racing. So here is the importance of the role of the police as law enforcers. The method used in this study is a normative juridical method which takes the applicable law as the main data and other data as supporting data. The results of this study found that the police in fulfilling their role in enforcing the law can take preventive action, namely preventing violations of the law. The police also have the right to take repressive measures, namely actions against lawbreakers in an effort to make them not want to break the law again.
ABSTRACT
In Europe, heavy goods vehicles (HGVs) are disproportionately involved in serious and fatal collisions with vulnerable road users (VRUs). An interrogation of 2019 national crash data for Great Britain (Stats19) suggested that detection of cyclists and pedestrians in the nearside and front blind spots of HGVs is still a significant problem during forward or left-turn manoeuvres of the HGV. To improve detection, Transport for London introduced Direct Vision and Safe System Standards in 2021 for HGVs entering the Greater London area. This research assessed the efficacy of one of the Safe System requirements—the fitment of sensors to detect vulnerable road users on the nearside of the vehicle. A physical testing procedure was developed to determine the performance of a sensor system meeting the Transport for London Safe System requirements. Overall, the Safe System compliant sensor system missed 52% of expected detection nodes on the nearside of the vehicle. A total of 56% of the “stop vehicle” nodes, 45% of the “slow down” and 48% of the “proceed with caution” nodes were not recognised. The most forward sensor did not fully cover the front-left corner blind spot, missing 70% of the desired detection nodes. Nearside sensor systems fitted to Safe System requirements may cover a reasonable area but could still leave many undetected zones to the left and front of the vehicle. Standardising sensor range and location could help to eliminate sensor blind spots. Mandating additional front sensors would help cover the blind spot at the front-left corner of the HGV.
ABSTRACT
Working environments are continually changing as a result of the introduction of new technologies, changes in the way work is organized and shifts in economic, social and demographic conditions. We can see rapidly advancing technologies, digitalization, robotics, and the use of nanotechnology, among others, have revolutionized the workplace and have an important influence on the safety at work. The occupational and operational risks arising from driver-vehicle interaction in the field of road transport are considered to be one of the most important health and safety challenges not only for workers but also for their surroundings. Current problems of traffic and carriers, lack and aging of drivers create the need to use new technologies. Countless goods are shipped around the world every day, hundreds of goods trucks continue to flow daily between countries but the biggest contributor to this is the industry, which has been suffering from a shortage of labour for many years. Alternative vehicles with new operating parameters are coming to the market, which respond to congestion, environmental demand andfacilitate driver work. Technological developments over the last 20 years have set new standards in the area of driver-vehicle interaction. This development, socioeconomic on the one hand, technological on the other, makes automotive ergonomics: Drivervehicle interaction an important topic to explore in this area. Also coronavirus crisis is changing the world, is affecting freight - transportation business and is bringing new risks at work;some truck drivers are putting in overtime without enough protection. The article is focused on the analysis of psycho-social risks and safety problems in the work of truck drivers and modern trends of solutions, actual problems of labour market in this area such as luck of drivers and their aging.
ABSTRACT
Purpose: Hence, the research problem of the work is to identify the issues of the directions of changes and trends in the automotive industry in the long term by suppliers in the field of the development of new technologies. In turn, the aim of the work is to present the results of own research on the applied solutions in the field of new technologies development by a direct supplier of level 05 (System integrator MAHLE group - herd case) to companies producing vehicles in the automotive industry. Methodology: The research was carried out using the monographic method and the method of examining documents using the technique of examining documents, participant observation and expert interview. Findings: The directions of changes and trends in the automotive industry in the perspective of 2030 discussed in this paper are the beginning of changes in the technological quality of suppliers. Practical Implications: You can observe a growing trend related to the departure from the traditional reactive quality strategy to proactive, which uses new generation automation, communication and collaboration technologies based on the functions of various software and their modules, e.g., in the field of quality management software (EQMS). Originality/value: The current relationships between vehicle manufacturers and suppliers in the automotive industry have changed significantly, mainly due to new technologies related to the development of vehicles powered by alternative power sources.
ABSTRACT
This article deals with the treatment and application of cardiac biosignals, an excited accelerometer, and a gyroscope in the prevention of accidents on the road. Previously conducted studies say that the seismocardiogram is a measure of cardiac microvibration signals that allows for detecting rhythms, heart valve opening and closing disorders, and monitoring of patients’ breathing. This article refers to the seismocardiogram hypothesis that the measurements of a seismocardiogram could be used to identify drivers’ heart problems before they reach a critical condition and safely stop the vehicle by informing the relevant departments in a nonclinical manner. The proposed system works without an electrocardiogram, which helps to detect heart rhythms more easily. The estimation of the heart rate (HR) is calculated through automatically detected aortic valve opening (AO) peaks. The system is composed of two micro-electromechanical systems (MEMSs) to evaluate physiological parameters and eliminate the effects of external interference on the entire system. The few digital filtering methods are discussed and benchmarked to increase seismocardiogram efficiency. As a result, the fourth adaptive filter obtains the estimated HR = 65 beats per min (bmp) in a still noisy signal (SNR = −11.32 dB). In contrast with the low processing benefit (3.39 dB), 27 AO peaks were detected with a 917.56-ms peak interval mean over 1.11 s, and the calculated root mean square error (RMSE) was 0.1942 m/s2 when the adaptive filter order is 50 and the adaptation step is equal to 0.933.